1. Reference problem

1.1. Geometry

The geometry of the various sections is provided via a plane mesh. They are different for each model, and will therefore be described in the corresponding paragraphs.

The F modeling also involves the chained calculation of the characteristics of a circular section, and the use of these characteristics in a calculation of a straight beam, of length \(L=\mathrm{1m}\) under pure tension.

1.2. Material properties

Not applicable, except for F modeling, where the treated beam has a Young’s modulus of \(\mathrm{2.E11Pa}\) and a Poisson’s ratio of \(0.3\).

1.3. Boundary conditions and loads

Not applicable, except for the F model: the right beam is embedded at one end, and subjected at the other end to a tractive force \(F\mathrm{=}\mathrm{1000N}\).