11. Modeling I

11.1. Characteristics of modeling

Hollow circular section, with external radius \(\mathrm{10mm}\), and thickness \(\mathrm{1mm}\).

11.2. Characteristics of the mesh

Number of meshes: 300 QUAD8

11.3. Benchmark solution

\(C={I}_{x}=\pi \left[\frac{{R}^{4}}{2}-\frac{{\left(R-e\right)}^{4}}{2}\right]=5401.97{\mathit{mm}}^{4}\)

11.4. Tested sizes and results

The torsional constant is equal to:

Identification	Reference	% difference
\(\mathit{JX}\)	5401.97	—0.194