7. Summary of results

This test case makes it possible to test a non-coplanar pipe.

Beam modeling:

The results are similar to the reference solution (beam modeling: average of the results of 3 codes).

Pipe modeling:

The Code_Aster results are similar to those of \(\text{ABAQUS}\) (for pipe elements), except for the displacement \(\mathrm{DY}\) and for the self-weight loads and nodal forces where the difference with the reference solution is greater with cells SEG3 (\(\text{10\%}\)) than with cells SEG4 (\(\text{5\%}\)).

Thermal expansion loading gives similar results.