2. Benchmark solution

2.1. Calculation method used to obtain the reference solution

The reference solution [bib4] is the one obtained with the SAMCEF [bib1] software. The modeling is based on a shell theory in resultant efforts with a co‑rotational formulation [bib3] and a regular DSQ [bib2] discretization.

The mesh considered is a regular mesh of \(20\mathrm{\times }1\) quadrilateral elements with 4 nodes each.

2.2. Benchmark results

We test the pseudo-temporal evolution of \(\mathit{DX}\), \(\mathit{DZ}\), \(\mathit{DRY}\) at the middle point of segment \(\mathit{P1P2}\).

2.3. Bibliographical references

1. SAMCEF, V7.1 Volume Elements Reference Manual,1998

2. J-L. Batoz, G.Dhatt, « Modeling Structures by Finite Elements: Beams and Plates « , Hermès, Paris, 1992

3. Crisfield M.A., « Non-linear Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Structures », Volume 1: Essentials, John Wiley, Chichester, 1994

4. Ph. JETTEUR, Nonlinear Shell Kinematics. Report SAMTECH, Contract PP/GC-134/96, 1998

5. 13. AL MIKDAD, Continuing pressure for COQUE_3D elements, Report No. 99020-1 1999