2. Benchmark solution

2.1. Calculation method used for the reference solution

Simple traction induces uniform fields of stress and deformation. By definition, we have:

\(\begin{array}{c}\sigma ={\sigma }_{Y}+{E}_{T}(\frac{U}{L}-\frac{\sigma }{E})=190\text{MPa}\\ \varepsilon =\frac{U}{L}=\mathrm{0,01}\end{array}\)

2.2. Benchmark results

• Constraint at node \(B\): \({\sigma }_{B}=190\text{MPa}\)

• Deformation at node \(B\): \({\varepsilon }_{B}=\mathrm{0,01}\)

2.3. Uncertainty about the solution

Analytical solution. However, with method IMPLEX, which is an approximate method, a small error is possible. A tolerance of \(\text{0,1\%}\) is allowed.