Benchmark solution
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Calculation method used for the reference solution
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Simple traction induces uniform fields of stress and deformation. By definition, we have:

:math:`\begin{array}{c}\sigma ={\sigma }_{Y}+{E}_{T}(\frac{U}{L}-\frac{\sigma }{E})=190\text{MPa}\\ \varepsilon =\frac{U}{L}=\mathrm{0,01}\end{array}`


Benchmark results
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* Constraint at node :math:`B`: :math:`{\sigma }_{B}=190\text{MPa}`


* Deformation at node :math:`B`: :math:`{\varepsilon }_{B}=\mathrm{0,01}`


Uncertainty about the solution
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Analytical solution. However, with method IMPLEX, which is an approximate method, a small error is possible. A tolerance of :math:`\text{0,1\%}` is allowed.