4. B modeling

4.1. Characteristics of modeling

We consider damage modeling GRAD_VARI, which is a mixed Lagrangian formulation of damages regulated by the damage gradient. In addition to the degrees of freedom of movement and damage to the nodes, it takes into account the Lagrange coefficients. This modeling accepts load control through elastic prediction.

4.2. Characteristics of the mesh

The mesh contains 1034 TRIA6 elements and 462 QUAD8 elements. The mesh at the center of the test piece is oriented out of symmetry.

4.3. Law of damage: material ENDO_SCALAIRE

Standard characteristics of concrete are defined above.

Characteristics related to the law of non-local damage:

\(c=1.875\text{N};p=1.5;m=10\) which corresponds to damage zone \(\mathrm{1D}\) equal to \(D=0.5\text{dm}\)

The correspondence with the physical parameters is as follows:

\(c=3/8D{G}_{f};m=\frac{3E{G}_{f}}{2D\cdot {\mathit{SY}}^{2}};p=m/4-1;\)

4.4. Boundary conditions and loads

Loading: The calculation is done under control by elastic prediction until the specimen is completely broken, thanks to the projection onto the predefined terminals.

4.5. Tested sizes and results

Non-regression test on the displacement at point \(\text{P\_HAUT}\), the nodal force at point \(\text{P\_HAUT}\), and the stress field at the Gauss point 1 of the cell \(\mathit{M160}\).