2. Line elements: SE2, SE3 and SE4#

SE2: segment with 2 nodes

number of nodes

: 2

number of vertex nodes

: 2

SE3: 3-node segment

number of nodes

: 3

number of vertex nodes

: 2

\(x\)

\(\mathrm{N1}\)

-1.0

\(\mathrm{N2}\)

1.0

\(\mathrm{N3}\)

0.0

_images/1000037600000D200000082A48C4D0285F94A1B5.svg

SE4: 4-node segment

number of knots

: 4

number of vertex nodes

: 2

\(x\)

\(\mathrm{N1}\)

-1.0

\(\mathrm{N2}\)

1.0

\(\mathrm{N3}\)

-1/3

\(\mathrm{N4}\)

+1/3

_images/Object_1.svg

2-node segment shape functions:

\({w}_{1}(x)=0.5(1-x)\phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{w}_{2}(x)=0.5(1+x)\)

3-node segment shape functions:

\({w}_{1}(x)=-0.5(1-x)x\phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{w}_{2}(x)=0.5(1+x)x\phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{w}_{3}(x)=(1+x)(1-x)\)

shape functions of the 4-node segment:

\(\begin{array}{c}{w}_{1}(x)=\frac{9}{16}\left(1-x\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)\\ {w}_{2}(x)=-\frac{9}{16}\left(1+x\right)\left(\frac{1}{3}-x\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{3}\right)\\ {w}_{3}(x)=\frac{27}{16}\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)\\ {w}_{4}(x)=-\frac{27}{16}\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{3}\right)\end{array}\)

Number of integration points

Point

\(x\)

Weight

1

1

0.000000000000000

2.000000000000000

2.000000000000000

2

1

0.577350269189626

1.000000000000000

0.57735026269189626

2

-0.57735026269189626

1.000000000000000

3

1

-0.774596669241000

0.000000000000000

-0.774596669241000

2

0.000000000000000

0.000000000000000

0.000000000000000

3

0.770000000000000

0.000000000000000

0.00000000000

4

1

0.339981043584856

0.652145154862546

2

-0.339981043584856

0.652145154862546

3

0.861136311594053

0.347854845137454

4

-0.861136311594053

0.347854845137454