8. F modeling

8.1. Characteristics of modeling

F modeling is*bidimensional* and*quasistatic*. We use modeling with integration selective (MODELISATION = “D_ PLAN_HMS_DIL “). A second expansion gradient model is used. The constituent parameters of the second gradient model are determined so as not to change the basic solution of the macroscopic problem. In particular, we choose the penalty coefficient small: PENA_LAGR = 1,

The second gradient model makes it possible to treat the phenomena of material instability linked to the loss of ellipticity of the stress-strain tensor, and which result in the localization of the deformations. Here, we are not really trying to regularize the problem (given that there is no material instability), but to implement the second gradient model in a relatively representative test case,

8.2. Characteristics of the mesh

For the D_ PLAN_HMS_DIL modeling, each soil layer is represented by a QUAD8 element, i.e. 11 elements in total.

8.3. Tested sizes and results

Unchanged compared to the A modeling for the static part.

8.4. Comments

These results validate the ability of second expansion gradient modeling to be used for calculations with a loading of gravity.