2. Benchmark solution

2.1. Calculation method used for the reference solution

A loading path (increasing and discharging) is reproduced on an element in each of the 2 mechanisms for assembling the bi-directional behavior relationship (effort in direction \(x\) and moment around the axis \(y\)). It expresses the reduced movements compared to the reduced efforts. The mechanisms and the law of assembly behavior are described in figures [Figure1.2-a] and [Figure 1.2-b].

The charge path expressed in \(({p}_{\mathrm{1,}}R({p}_{1}))\) comprises 12 steps defined as follows:

2.2. Benchmark results

Find the variable-criterion correspondence of the boundary curve of the behavioral relationship.

2.3. Uncertainty about the solution

Numerical solution for the reversal of a non-linear relationship. There is one unknown at the same time: the internal variable of the mechanism. The other values are deduced from this. The calculation is direct for the first mechanism, incremental for the second (discussion in the summary in [§5]).

2.4. Bibliographical references

16. PENSERINI: « Modeling bolted connections in truss towers ». Note HM-77/93/287