Benchmark solution
=====================

The reference solution is given by experimental results, acquired on the test called test QJ5TC, provided in :ref:`[1] <RefNumPara__6179_719410710>`. Based on the force-deformation cycles measured on average on the column, we identify, see Figure 1:

• a range of deformations between -0.002 and 0.003, i.e. not causing general plastic deformations of the steels in view of the characteristics of the steel, except potentially locally when cracks pass through,

• an equivalent elastic axial stiffness of :math:`\mathrm{743,7}\mathit{MN}`,

• an equivalent axial post-damage tensile stiffness of :math:`\mathrm{120,1}\mathit{MN}`, i.e. a ratio between the two of :math:`\mathrm{0,161}`.


Bibliographical references
---------------------------



.. _RefNumPara__6179_719410710:

1. BENMANSOUR M.B. Modeling the alternating cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete. Application to various static column tests. Doctoral thesis from the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussés. January 6, 1997.