2. Benchmark solution#

2.1. Calculation method used for the reference solution#

The calculations are carried out with 8 calculation codes, for 10 models. The various models are presented below.

  • Castem:

20 shear free beam elements;

  • Dynam2D:

20 shear free beam elements;

  • PERMAS (1):

20 shear free beam elements;

  • NASTRAN:

20 shear free beam elements;

  • SYSTUS (1):

20 shear free beam elements;

  • ABAQUS:

20 shear beam elements;

  • MECHANICA:

5 girder elements with shear, convergence to degree 7;

  • CASTOR:

10 shear beam elements;

  • SYSTUS (2):

40 girder elements with shear;

  • PERMAS (2):

20 shear beam elements;

Reduced depreciation \(\xi\) is equal to 1% across all modes.

2.2. Benchmark results#

The frequencies.

The value RMS, for movement at the free end of the beam.

2.3. Uncertainty about the solution#

Comparison between codes.

2.4. Bibliographical references#

  1. IPSI - Day \({\Phi }^{2}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{AS}\) - Vol. XVIII, no. 2. Depreciation in structural calculations. June 21, 1994.